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Triggering pipelines through the API

Notes:

Triggers can be used to force a pipeline rerun of a specific ref (branch or tag) with an API call.

Authentication tokens

The following methods of authentication are supported.

Trigger token

A unique trigger token can be obtained when adding a new trigger.

Adding a new trigger

You can add a new trigger by going to your project's Settings ➔ CI/CD under Triggers. The Add trigger button will create a new token which you can then use to trigger a rerun of this particular project's pipeline.

Every new trigger you create, gets assigned a different token which you can then use inside your scripts or .gitlab-ci.yml. You also have a nice overview of the time the triggers were last used.

Triggers page overview

Taking ownership of a trigger

Note: GitLab 9.0 introduced a trigger ownership to solve permission problems.

Each created trigger when run will impersonate their associated user including their access to projects and their project permissions.

You can take ownership of existing triggers by clicking Take ownership. From now on the trigger will be run as you.

Revoking a trigger

You can revoke a trigger any time by going at your project's Settings ➔ CI/CD under Triggers and hitting the Revoke button. The action is irreversible.

Triggering a pipeline

Notes:

  • Valid refs are only the branches and tags. If you pass a commit SHA as a ref, it will not trigger a job.
  • If your project is public, passing the token in plain text is probably not the wisest idea, so you might want to use a secret variable for that purpose.

To trigger a job you need to send a POST request to GitLab's API endpoint:

POST /projects/:id/trigger/pipeline

The required parameters are the trigger's token and the Git ref on which the trigger will be performed. Valid refs are the branch and the tag. The :id of a project can be found by querying the API or by visiting the CI/CD settings page which provides self-explanatory examples.

When a rerun of a pipeline is triggered, the information is exposed in GitLab's UI under the Jobs page and the jobs are marked as triggered 'by API'.

Marked rebuilds as on jobs page

You can see which trigger caused the rebuild by visiting the single job page. A part of the trigger's token is exposed in the UI as you can see from the image below.

Marked rebuilds as triggered on a single job page

By using cURL you can trigger a pipeline rerun with minimal effort, for example:

curl --request POST \
     --form token=TOKEN \
     --form ref=master \
     https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/9/trigger/pipeline

In this case, the project with ID 9 will get rebuilt on master branch.

Alternatively, you can pass the token and ref arguments in the query string:

curl --request POST \
    "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/9/trigger/pipeline?token=TOKEN&ref=master"

You can also benefit by using triggers in your .gitlab-ci.yml. Let's say that you have two projects, A and B, and you want to trigger a rebuild on the master branch of project B whenever a tag on project A is created. This is the job you need to add in project's A .gitlab-ci.yml:

build_docs:
  stage: deploy
  script:
  - "curl --request POST --form token=TOKEN --form ref=master https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/9/trigger/pipeline"
  only:
  - tags

Now, whenever a new tag is pushed on project A, the job will run and the build_docs job will be executed, triggering a rebuild of project B. The stage: deploy ensures that this job will run only after all jobs with stage: test complete successfully.

Triggering a pipeline from a webhook

Notes:

  • Introduced in GitLab 8.14.
  • ref should be passed as part of the URL in order to take precedence over ref from the webhook body that designates the branch ref that fired the trigger in the source repository.
  • ref should be URL-encoded if it contains slashes.

To trigger a job from a webhook of another project you need to add the following webhook URL for Push and Tag events (change the project ID, ref and token):

https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/9/ref/master/trigger/pipeline?token=TOKEN

Making use of trigger variables

You can pass any number of arbitrary variables in the trigger API call and they will be available in GitLab CI so that they can be used in your .gitlab-ci.yml file. The parameter is of the form:

variables[key]=value

This information is also exposed in the UI.

Job variables in UI

Using trigger variables can be proven useful for a variety of reasons:

  • Identifiable jobs. Since the variable is exposed in the UI you can know why the rebuild was triggered if you pass a variable that explains the purpose.
  • Conditional job processing. You can have conditional jobs that run whenever a certain variable is present.

Consider the following .gitlab-ci.yml where we set three stages and the upload_package job is run only when all jobs from the test and build stages pass. When the UPLOAD_TO_S3 variable is non-zero, make upload is run.

stages:
- test
- build
- package

run_tests:
  script:
  - make test

build_package:
  stage: build
  script:
  - make build

upload_package:
  stage: package
  script:
  - if [ -n "${UPLOAD_TO_S3}" ]; then make upload; fi

You can then trigger a rebuild while you pass the UPLOAD_TO_S3 variable and the script of the upload_package job will run:

curl --request POST \
  --form token=TOKEN \
  --form ref=master \
  --form "variables[UPLOAD_TO_S3]=true" \
  https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/9/trigger/pipeline

Using cron to trigger nightly pipelines

Note: The following behavior can also be achieved through GitLab's UI with pipeline schedules.

Whether you craft a script or just run cURL directly, you can trigger jobs in conjunction with cron. The example below triggers a job on the master branch of project with ID 9 every night at 00:30:

30 0 * * * curl --request POST --form token=TOKEN --form ref=master https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/9/trigger/pipeline

Legacy triggers

Old triggers, created before GitLab 9.0 will be marked as legacy.

Triggers with the legacy label do not have an associated user and only have access to the current project. They are considered deprecated and will be removed with one of the future versions of GitLab. You are advised to take ownership of any legacy triggers.

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