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Hamed Hafizi
tutorials
Commits
ca999c34
Unverified
Commit
ca999c34
authored
Jun 19, 2018
by
Arham Akheel
Committed by
GitHub
Jun 19, 2018
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Introduction to Data Visualization with R and ggplot2/IntroDataVizRAndGgplot2.R
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#
# Copyright 2017 Data Science Dojo
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
#
# This R source code file corresponds to the Data Science Dojo webinar
# titled "An Introduction to Data Visualization with R and ggplot2"
#
#install.packages("ggplot2")
library
(
ggplot2
)
# Load Titanic titanicing data for analysis. Open in spreadsheet view.
titanic
<-
read.csv
(
"titanic.csv"
,
stringsAsFactors
=
FALSE
)
View
(
titanic
)
# Set up factors.
titanic
$
Pclass
<-
as.factor
(
titanic
$
Pclass
)
titanic
$
Survived
<-
as.factor
(
titanic
$
Survived
)
titanic
$
Sex
<-
as.factor
(
titanic
$
Sex
)
titanic
$
Embarked
<-
as.factor
(
titanic
$
Embarked
)
#
# We'll start our visual analysis of the data focusing on questions
# related to survival rates. Specifically, these questions will use
# the factor (i.e., categorical) variables in the data. Factor data
# is very common in the business context and ggplot2 offers many
# powerful features for visualizing factor data.
#
#
# First question - What was the survival rate?
#
# As Survived is a factor (i.e., categorical) variable, a bar chart
# is a great visualization to use.
#
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Survived
))
+
geom_bar
()
# If you really want percentages.
prop.table
(
table
(
titanic
$
Survived
))
# Add some customization for labels and theme.
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Survived
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
geom_bar
()
+
labs
(
y
=
"Passenger Count"
,
title
=
"Titanic Survival Rates"
)
#
# Second question - What was the survival rate by gender?
#
# We can use color to look at two aspects (i.e., dimensions)
# of the data simultaneously.
#
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Sex
,
fill
=
Survived
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
geom_bar
()
+
labs
(
y
=
"Passenger Count"
,
title
=
"Titanic Survival Rates by Sex"
)
#
# Third question - What was the survival rate by class of ticket?
#
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Pclass
,
fill
=
Survived
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
geom_bar
()
+
labs
(
y
=
"Passenger Count"
,
title
=
"Titanic Survival Rates by Pclass"
)
#
# Fourth question - What was the survival rate by class of ticket
# and gender?
#
# We can leverage facets to further segment the data and enable
# "visual drill-down" into the data.
#
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Sex
,
fill
=
Survived
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
facet_wrap
(
~
Pclass
)
+
geom_bar
()
+
labs
(
y
=
"Passenger Count"
,
title
=
"Titanic Survival Rates by Pclass and Sex"
)
#
# Next, we'll move on to visualizing continuous (i.e., numeric)
# data using ggplot2. We'll explore visualizations of single
# numeric variables (i.e., columns) and also illustrate how
# ggplot2 enables visual drill-down on numeric data.
#
#
# Fifth Question - What is the distribution of passenger ages?
#
# The histogram is a staple of visualizing numeric data as it very
# powerfully communicates the distrubtion of a variable (i.e., column).
#
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Age
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
geom_histogram
(
binwidth
=
5
)
+
labs
(
y
=
"Passenger Count"
,
x
=
"Age (binwidth = 5)"
,
title
=
"Titanic Age Distribtion"
)
#
# Sixth Question - What are the survival rates by age?
#
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Age
,
fill
=
Survived
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
geom_histogram
(
binwidth
=
5
)
+
labs
(
y
=
"Passenger Count"
,
x
=
"Age (binwidth = 5)"
,
title
=
"Titanic Survival Rates by Age"
)
# Another great visualization for this question is the box-and-whisker
# plot.
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Survived
,
y
=
Age
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
geom_boxplot
()
+
labs
(
y
=
"Age"
,
x
=
"Survived"
,
title
=
"Titanic Survival Rates by Age"
)
#
# Seventh Question - What is the survival rates by age when segmented
# by gender and class of ticket?
#
# A related visualization to the histogram is a density plot. Think of
# a density plot as a smoothed version of the histogram. Using ggplot2
# we can use facets to allow for visual drill-down via density plots.
#
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Age
,
fill
=
Survived
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
facet_wrap
(
Sex
~
Pclass
)
+
geom_density
(
alpha
=
0.5
)
+
labs
(
y
=
"Age"
,
x
=
"Survived"
,
title
=
"Titanic Survival Rates by Age, Pclass and Sex"
)
# If you prefer histograms, no problem!
ggplot
(
titanic
,
aes
(
x
=
Age
,
fill
=
Survived
))
+
theme_bw
()
+
facet_wrap
(
Sex
~
Pclass
)
+
geom_histogram
(
binwidth
=
5
)
+
labs
(
y
=
"Age"
,
x
=
"Survived"
,
title
=
"Titanic Survival Rates by Age, Pclass and Sex"
)
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